Genitourinary syndrome of menopause

It is also known as GSM, and is widely used in women’s health. It represents a more comprehensive description of the challenges many women face as they go through menopause.

Doctor or psychiatrist consulting and diagnostic examining stressful woman patient on obstetric – gynecological female illness, or mental health in medical clinic or hospital healthcare service center

GSM, is sometimes misinterpreted and rarely discussed, it describes a variety of symptoms that typically result from decreasing oestrogen levels and impact the vaginal region and lower urinary tract.

These symptoms were previously referred to as vulvovaginal atrophy and atrophic vaginitis. However, these terms are somewhat restrictive because they do not adequately capture the range of symptoms or the clear association with decreased oestrogen levels.

Importantly, GSM isn’t confined to menopause alone; it can also occur during other low-oestrogen conditions such as during breastfeeding or the use of progestogen-only contraceptives.

GSM can have a significant negative influence on women’s daily activities, affecting personal relationships and quality of life. As such, it is a serious health concern that requires greater awareness and understanding. The GSM symptoms women going through menopause should look out for include:

Genital dryness

Lower oestrogen levels can lead to reduced vaginal lubrication, causing dryness and itching.

Pain during sex

The vagina may lose elasticity and moisture, making sexual intercourse more painful.

Bleeding after or during sex

As a result of the lack of elasticity and moisture, the tissue inside the vagina can become fragile and may therefore break easier, leading to bleeding.

Loss of libido

Following menopause, many women notice a decrease in their libido. Additionally, bodily changes associated with this phase can make arousal more challenging, sexual intercourse potentially painful, and reaching an orgasm may become more difficult.